Eclogitization of the Monviso ophiolite (W. Alps) and implications on subduction dynamics     

S. ANGIBOUST  R. LANGDON  P. AGARD  D. WATERS  C. CHOPIN 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2012,30(1):37-61

To constrain deep (40–100 km) subduction dynamics, extensive P–T data are provided on the eclogitic Monviso ophiolite derived from the subducted Liguro‐Piemontese oceanic lithosphere (which was exhumed, together with associated continental units, before the Alpine collision). The Monviso ophiolite has so far been interpreted either as a fossilized subduction channel, with tectonic blocks detached from the slab at different depths and gathered in a weak serpentinized matrix, or as a more or less continuous portion of oceanic lithosphere. To evaluate potential heterogeneities within and between the various subunits, extensive sampling was undertaken on metasedimentary rocks and Fe–Ti metagabbros. The results indicate that the Monviso ophiolite comprises two main coherent tectonic subunits (the Monviso and Lago Superiore Units) detached during subduction at different depths and later juxtaposed at epidote–blueschist facies during exhumation along the subduction interface. Raman spectroscopy of carbonaceous material suggests (i) a difference in peak temperature of ～50 °C between these two subunits and (ii) a good temperature homogeneity within each subunit. Pseudosections and average P–T estimates using thermocalc in the Lago Superiore Unit suggest for the first time homogeneous HP to UHP conditions (～550 °C, 26–27 kbar). Parageneses, peak conditions and tectonic setting are very similar to those of the Zermatt‐Saas ophiolite, 200 km northwards, thus suggesting a common detachment mechanism for the whole Western Alpine belt.  相似文献   

Metamorphic evolution of the Naga Hills eclogite and blueschist, Northeast India: implications for early subduction of the Indian plate under the Burma microplate     

N. CHATTERJEE  N. C. GHOSE 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2010,28(2):209-225

Tectonic slices and lenses of eclogite within mafic and ultramafic rocks of the Early Cretaceous–Eocene Naga Hills ophiolite were studied to constrain the physical conditions of eastward subduction of the Indian plate under the Burma microplate and convergence rate prior to the India–Eurasia collision. Some of the lenses are composed of eclogite, garnet-blueschist, glaucophanite and greenschist from core to margin, representing a retrograde hydrothermal alteration sequence. Barroisite, garnet, omphacite and epidote with minor chlorite, phengite, rutile and quartz constitute the peak metamorphic assemblage. In eclogite and garnet-blueschist, garnet shows an increase in Mg and Fe and decrease in Mn from core to rim. In chlorite in eclogite, Mg increases from core to rim. Inclusions of epidote, glaucophane, omphacite and quartz in garnet represent the pre-peak assemblage. Glaucophane also occurs profusely at the rims of barroisite. The matrix glaucophane and epidote represent the post-peak assemblage. The Fe³⁺ content of garnet-hosted omphacite is higher than that of matrix omphacite, and Fe³⁺ increases from core to rim in matrix glaucophane. Albite occurs in late stage veins. P – T pseudosection analysis indicates that the Naga Hills eclogites followed a clockwise P – T path with prograde metamorphism beginning at ∼1.3 GPa/525 °C and peaking at 1.7–2.0 GPa/580–610 °C, and subsequent retrogression to ∼1.1 GPa/540 °C. A comparison of these P – T conditions with numerical thermal models of plate subduction indicates that the Naga Hills eclogites probably formed near the top of the subducting crust with convergence rates of ∼ 55–100 km Myr⁻¹, consistent with high pre-collision convergence rates between India and Eurasia.  相似文献   

西藏西南部与蛇绿岩伴生的硅质岩特征及地质意义   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

黄圭成徐德明  雷义均李丽娟 《中国地质》2010,37(1):101-109

西藏西南部达巴—休古嘎布存在一条蛇绿岩带,与蛇绿岩伴生的中生界硅质岩分布广泛。其中与拉昂错蛇绿岩体伴生的硅质岩,常量元素和稀土元素地球化学特征参数,以及地球化学环境判别图,显示其沉积于大陆边缘盆地的构造环境,其形成包括生物作用和热液作用两种因素。含硅质岩的地层剖面自下而上岩性为石英砂岩→含岩屑石英砂岩、杂砂岩→放射虫硅质岩,形成环境是从三角洲或浅海过渡到大陆边缘,再到边缘盆地。硅质岩中含有大量放射虫,放射虫组合显示硅质岩的沉积时代为晚侏罗世晚期。含硅质岩地层和蛇绿岩都是印度大陆北缘小洋盆的组成部分,两者因洋盆碰撞闭合而汇聚在一起。硅质岩的形成环境反映了该陆缘小洋盆在晚侏罗世所处的构造背景。  相似文献   

甘肃武山鸳鸯镇蛇绿岩构造年代学特征及其构造意义探讨          下载免费PDF全文

余君鹏  肖林  李增  于翔龙  张有奎 《甘肃地质》2010,(1):21-26

本文通过对甘肃武山县鸳鸯镇蛇绿岩构造年代学的深入研究,结合野外实测地质剖面对鸳鸯镇蛇绿岩的形成,其代表的构造意义进行了探讨,该带蛇绿岩中采集的蛇纹石Sm-Nd同位素等时线年龄为473±23Ma;在该带硅化碳酸盐化变玄武岩中采用锆石U-Pb法测年,测得模式年龄值为546Ma。研究认为武山蛇绿岩其岩石组合中与显生宙的蛇绿岩大致相近,所不同的是组合中含深水碳酸盐岩;蛇绿岩中基性岩类的REE球粒陨石标准化配分模式接近平坦型及微量元素的环境判别图式都表明该蛇绿岩的生成环境很可能是初始洋盆;武山蛇绿岩代表古生代大陆裂解的产物,两组年龄值基本代表了本次大陆裂解成海盆的时代。  相似文献   

东昆仑西段黑山构造蛇绿岩带特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王向利  高小平  刘幼骐  李新林  周小康  崔继刚  戴新宇  何立新  曾忠诚 《西北地质》2010,43(4):218-231

通过对黑山构造蛇绿岩中基性火山岩、基-超基性岩的岩石组合及其岩石学、岩石化学、微量元素、稀土元素等特征研究认为:黑山构造蛇绿岩带是祁漫塔格结合带重要物质组分,是在加里东晚期板块俯冲-碰撞过程中逐渐演化形成的,区域上与那棱格勒构造带相连,是柴达木陆块与东昆北陆块的分界断裂。通过同位素地质年龄研究认为该蛇绿岩形成于南华—奥陶纪,构造就位于志留纪—早中泥盆世。对东昆仑构造演化提供了重要新资料。指出黑山构造蛇绿岩以北的祁漫塔格地区(柴达木陆块)发育与岩浆岩、变质岩有关的铜、钨、钛、铁等与热液、区域变质有关的内生矿产;以南的库木库里盆地发育砂砾岩型铜矿、砂金、石膏和石盐等外生矿产。  相似文献   

Geochemical characteristics and age of metamorphic sole rocks within a Neotethyan ophiolitic mélange from Konya region (central southern Turkey)     

Hatice Tuğba Daşçı  Nusret Nurlu  Zeki Billor 《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(4):223-243

Palaeo- and Neo-Tethyan-related magmatic and metamorphic units crop out in Konya region in the south central Anatolia. The Neotethyan assemblage is characterized by mélange and ophiolitic units of Late Cretaceous age. They tectonically overlie the Middle Triassic–Upper Cretaceous neritic to pelagic carbonates of the Tauride platform. The metamorphic sole rocks within the Konya mélange crop out as thin slices beneath the sheared serpentinites and harzburgites. The rock types in the metamorphic sole are amphibolite, epidote-amphibolite, garnet-amphibole schist, plagioclase-amphibole schist, plagioclase-epidote-amphibole schist and quartz-amphibole schist. The geochemistry of the metamorphic sole rocks suggests that they were derived from the alkaline (seamount) and tholeiitic (E-MORB, IAT and boninitic type) magmatic rocks from the upper part of the Neotethyan oceanic crust. Four samples from the amphibolitic rocks yielded ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar isotopic ages, ranging from 87.04 ± .36 Ma to 84.66 ± .30 Ma. Comparison of geochemistry and geochronology for the amphibolitic rocks suggests that the alkaline amphibolite (seamount-type) cooled below 510 ± 25 °C at 87 Ma whereas the tholeiitic amphibolites at 85 Ma during intraoceanic thrusting/subduction. When all the evidence combined together, the intraoceanic subduction initiated in the vicinity of an off-axis plume or a plume-centered spreading ridge in the Inner Tauride Ocean at 87 Ma. During the later stage of the steady-state subduction, the E-MORB volcanics on the top of the down-going slab and the arc-type basalts (IAT/boninitic) detached from the leading edge of the overriding plate, entered the subduction zone after ~2 my and metamorphosed to amphibolite facies in the Inner Tauride Ocean. Duration of the intraoceanic detachment (~87 Ma) and ophiolite emplacement onto the Tauride-Anatolide Platform (Tav?anl? Zone), followed by subsequent HP/LT metamorphism (~82 Ma) spanned ~5 my in the western part of the Inner Tauride Ocean.  相似文献   

会理菜子园镍矿床方辉橄榄岩铂族元素、Re-Os同位素及其地质意义     

王生伟  孙晓明  廖震文  屈文俊  杨波  蒋小芳  李超  李永灿 《矿床地质》2013,32(3):515-532

四川省会理菜子园红土型镍矿床中出露较多的基性-超基性岩体,文章系统报道了其中3个橄榄岩体的岩石化学、铂族元素及Re-Os同位素地球化学特征.岩石化学均显示为高MgO及高Mg#值,低SiO2、Al2O3、Na2O、K2O特征,计算显示出主要的标准矿物为橄榄石和紫苏辉石(体积百分数＞90％),表明菜子园属镁质方辉橄榄岩.铂族元素总量比世界上大多数地幔橄榄岩低,且Cu/Pd比值大于原始地幔,可能是早期地幔较高部分熔融出的基性岩浆中硫化物的萃取、抽提作用所致.PPGE相对IPGE强烈亏损,与正常蛇绿岩底部的地幔橄榄岩特征类似,向右倾斜的原始地幔标准化配分模式表明菜子园铂族元素体系主要受地幔部分熔融的控制.PPGE中,Pt相对于Pd富集,可能与后期强烈蚀变有关,此外还可能反映了少量Pt以合金形式残留于方辉橄榄岩中,Pd以不相容元素的形式更多被熔体带走.菜子园方辉橄榄岩的Re-Os同位素体系封闭性相对好,γ(Os)值较小.岩石化学、铂族元素及Re-Os同位素地球化学显示,菜子园橄榄岩直接来自地幔,属正常蛇绿岩套底部的方辉橄榄岩,为古小洋盆洋壳的残片.菜子园蛇绿岩反映了中元古代晚期昆阳裂谷在菜子园-踩马水-麻塘断裂带以北演化成小洋盆,于其中沉积会理群,并在中元古代末期与南侧的东川群、汤丹群碰撞、拼贴.菜子园橄榄岩的蛇绿岩属性进一步证明,扬子地台西南缘的基底由不同时代的小陆块碰撞、拼贴导致基底陆壳增生.  相似文献   

阿尔金—祁连—昆仑造山带早古生代构造格架及结晶岩年代学研究进展   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

董顺利  李忠  高剑  朱炼 《地质论评》2013,59(4):731-746

阿尔金—祁连—昆仑(阿祁昆)造山带早古生代加里东期的构造事件一直是国内外研究的热点,近年来发表了大量的研究成果。本文着重调研了各造山带内构造混杂带的重要组成部分——蛇绿岩、岩浆岩和高压—超高压变质岩的地球化学特征,尤其是同位素年代学资料。蛇绿岩的地球化学特征表明阿尔金—祁连—昆仑地区早古生代的蛇绿岩有MORB和OIB两种类型,其产出于成熟的洋盆、小洋盆或是与消减带有关的弧前或弧后盆地,还有很大的争议。根据大量的同位素年代学资料,阿尔金—祁连—昆仑地区洋盆在晚新元古代开启,寒武纪发育成熟,于中—晚奥陶世开始发生俯冲消减作用,晚志留世—早泥盆世进入碰撞后伸展阶段。再者,通过同位素年代学数据对比,证明北阿尔金与北祁连、南阿尔金与柴达木北缘、西昆仑与东昆仑在早古生代分别为同一条构造带,于新生代期间被活动的阿尔金左行走滑断裂错开了400多千米。  相似文献   

MOR型蛇绿岩中地幔橄榄岩的地质特征     

龚小晗  黄启帅  史仁灯 《地质科学》2013,48(2):569-580

地幔橄榄岩是指来自陆下、弧下或洋脊下的岩石圈地幔岩,通常通过构造侵位(冷侵位)的方式存在于造山带中,如造山带橄榄岩、蛇绿岩中的橄榄岩以及火山岩中的地幔橄榄岩等。本文选取了4个具有MOR型属性的蛇绿岩中地幔橄榄岩体,对比研究了其与深海橄榄岩在岩石学、地球化学、同位素地球化学和岩石成因等方面的特征,认为与深海橄榄岩性质的综合对比是识别MOR型蛇绿岩中地幔橄榄岩的有效方法之一,同时在蛇绿岩的分类中具有较好的参考价值。  相似文献   

华北克拉通的形成以及早期板块构造   总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21  

翟明国 《地质学报》2012,86(9):1335-1349

地球上最早的地壳岩石是高钠的花岗质(TTG)岩石,但是否有更老的洋壳存在过、以及陆壳是怎样形成的,涉及到地球动力学几乎所有的问题。其中板块构造是在什么时候开始的,就是个延续了数十年热度不减的前沿科学问题。流行的说法是板块构造始于新元古代,也有一些学者认为在新太古代就已经开始,或者认为自从地球上有了水的记录,就开始有板块构造。在众多的判别板块构造的标志中,蛇绿岩残片和古老的高压变质岩无疑是两个最具影响力的问题。前者可以确定有远古的古老洋壳存在过并成为缝合带中的残片,后者可以指示曾有地表的岩石单元被俯冲到深部,是俯冲、消减与碰撞的岩石学证据。本文在讨论和比较了太古宙绿岩带与蛇绿岩,以及早前寒武纪高温高压(HTHP)麻粒岩/高温—超高温(HT-UHT)麻粒岩与造山带高压变质带之后,认为尚不能作为板块构造的证据。本文还对华北的新太古代末的稳定大陆形成以及古元古代活动带的裂谷-俯冲-碰撞进行了论述。提出华北克拉通在新太古代末的绿岩带-高级区格局可能标志着热体制下有限的横向活动构造,微陆块被火山-沉积岩系焊接,随后发生变质作用和花岗岩化,完成稳定大陆的克拉通化过程。其构造机制可能是适度规模且多发的地幔柱构造控制下小尺度的横向构造运动的机制。华北克拉通的古元古代活动带有与绿岩带-高级区不同的构造样式,表壳岩带状分布,经受了强烈的变形以及中级变质作用,伴随花岗岩的侵入,虽然没有蛇绿岩和高压变质带,但已表现出板块构造的雏形特征。  相似文献